diff --git a/doc/tutorial.md b/doc/tutorial.md
index 66c9a50..d22b6a3 100644
--- a/doc/tutorial.md
+++ b/doc/tutorial.md
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The JSON is now parsed into `document` as a *DOM tree*:
 
 ![DOM in the tutorial](diagram/tutorial.png)
 
-The root of a conforming JSON should be either an object or an array. In this case, the root is an object.
+Since the update to RFC7159, the root of a conforming JSON document can be any JSON value.  In RFC4627, only objects or arrays were allowed as root values. In this case, the root is an object.
 ~~~~~~~~~~cpp
 assert(document.IsObject());
 ~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/error/en.h b/include/rapidjson/error/en.h
index b4a3ae1..c668ac7 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/error/en.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/error/en.h
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetParseError_En(ParseErrorCode parseErro
         case kParseErrorNone:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
 
         case kParseErrorDocumentEmpty:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document is empty.");
-        case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray:   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must be either object or array.");
         case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must not follow by other values.");
     
         case kParseErrorValueInvalid:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid value.");
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/error/error.h b/include/rapidjson/error/error.h
index bc5462a..3db6f16 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/error/error.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/error/error.h
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ enum ParseErrorCode {
     kParseErrorNone = 0,                        //!< No error.
 
     kParseErrorDocumentEmpty,                   //!< The document is empty.
-    kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray,    //!< The document root must be either object or array.
     kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular,         //!< The document root must not follow by other values.
 
     kParseErrorValueInvalid,                    //!< Invalid value.
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h b/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
index 62d5224..b19a9f4 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@
 #ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
 #define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
 //@cond RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL
 namespace rapidjson {
 namespace internal {
@@ -94,4 +99,8 @@ template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeFptr<SfinaeResultTag&(*)(T)> { typedef
 } // namespace rapidjson
 //@endcond
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
 #endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h b/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
index b9d7510..eb778b3 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
@@ -174,7 +174,6 @@ protected:
             level->valueCount++;
         }
         else {
-            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kObjectType || type == kArrayType);
             RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::hasRoot_);  // Should only has one and only one root.
             Base::hasRoot_ = true;
         }
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/reader.h b/include/rapidjson/reader.h
index d0f7ea4..eacdacb 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/reader.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/reader.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "rapidjson.h"
 #include "encodings.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
 #include "internal/pow10.h"
 #include "internal/stack.h"
 
@@ -122,23 +123,25 @@ concept Handler {
 /*! This can be used as base class of any reader handler.
     \note implements Handler concept
 */
-template<typename Encoding = UTF8<> >
+template<typename Encoding = UTF8<>, typename Derived = void>
 struct BaseReaderHandler {
     typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
 
+    typedef typename internal::SelectIf<internal::IsSame<Derived, void>, BaseReaderHandler, Derived>::Type Override;
+
     bool Default() { return true; }
-    bool Null() { return Default(); }
-    bool Bool(bool) { return Default(); }
-    bool Int(int) { return Default(); }
-    bool Uint(unsigned) { return Default(); }
-    bool Int64(int64_t) { return Default(); }
-    bool Uint64(uint64_t) { return Default(); }
-    bool Double(double) { return Default(); }
-    bool String(const Ch*, SizeType, bool) { return Default(); }
-    bool StartObject() { return Default(); }
-    bool EndObject(SizeType) { return Default(); }
-    bool StartArray() { return Default(); }
-    bool EndArray(SizeType) { return Default(); }
+    bool Null() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Bool(bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int(int) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Double(double) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool String(const Ch*, SizeType, bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartObject() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartArray() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
 };
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -381,11 +384,7 @@ public:
             RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
         }
         else {
-            switch (is.Peek()) {
-                case '{': ParseObject<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
-                case '[': ParseArray<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
-                default: RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, is.Tell());
-            }
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
             RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
 
             if (!(parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag)) {
@@ -907,6 +906,9 @@ private:
         IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,
         IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,
 
+        // Single value state
+        IterativeParsingValueState,
+
         cIterativeParsingStateCount
     };
 
@@ -965,11 +967,11 @@ private:
                 IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right curly bracket
                 IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
                 IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
-                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // String
-                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
-                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
-                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
-                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // String
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingValueState          // Number
             },
             // Finish(sink state)
             {
@@ -1102,6 +1104,12 @@ private:
                 IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
             },
             // ArrayFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Single Value (sink state)
             {
                 IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
                 IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
@@ -1242,6 +1250,14 @@ private:
             }
         }
 
+        case IterativeParsingValueState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return IterativeParsingFinishState;
+
         default:
             RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);
             return IterativeParsingErrorState;
@@ -1256,7 +1272,7 @@ private:
         }
         
         switch (src) {
-        case IterativeParsingStartState:            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(is.Peek() == '\0' ? kParseErrorDocumentEmpty : kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, is.Tell());
+        case IterativeParsingStartState:            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell());
         case IterativeParsingFinishState:           RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell());
         case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
         case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:  RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
diff --git a/include/rapidjson/writer.h b/include/rapidjson/writer.h
index 9fdfde2..7927a0c 100644
--- a/include/rapidjson/writer.h
+++ b/include/rapidjson/writer.h
@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ protected:
             level->valueCount++;
         }
         else {
-            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kObjectType || type == kArrayType);
             RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!hasRoot_);    // Should only has one and only one root.
             hasRoot_ = true;
         }
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 8141c8b..d4c8f85 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ RapidJSON is a JSON parser and generator for C++. It was inspired by [RapidXml](
 
 More features can be read [here](doc/features.md).
 
-JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) is a light-weight data exchange format. RapidJSON should be in fully compliance with RFC4627/ECMA-404. More information about JSON can be obtained at
+JSON(JavaScript Object Notation) is a light-weight data exchange format. RapidJSON should be in fully compliance with RFC7159/ECMA-404. More information about JSON can be obtained at
 * [Introducing JSON](http://json.org/)
-* [RFC4627: The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt)
+* [RFC7159: The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt)
 * [Standard ECMA-404: The JSON Data Interchange Format](http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-404.htm)
 
 ## Compatibility
diff --git a/test/unittest/jsoncheckertest.cpp b/test/unittest/jsoncheckertest.cpp
index d661528..caa1b8a 100644
--- a/test/unittest/jsoncheckertest.cpp
+++ b/test/unittest/jsoncheckertest.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ TEST(JsonChecker, Reader) {
 
     // jsonchecker/failXX.json
     for (int i = 1; i <= 33; i++) {
+        if (i == 1) // fail1.json is valid in rapidjson, which has no limitation on type of root element (RFC 7159).
+            continue;
         if (i == 18)    // fail18.json is valid in rapidjson, which has no limitation on depth of nesting.
             continue;
 
@@ -57,14 +59,18 @@ TEST(JsonChecker, Reader) {
             json = ReadFile(filename, length);
             if (!json) {
                 printf("jsonchecker file %s not found", filename);
+                ADD_FAILURE();
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
         GenericDocument<UTF8<>, CrtAllocator> document; // Use Crt allocator to check exception-safety (no memory leak)
-        if (!document.Parse((const char*)json).HasParseError())
-            FAIL();
-        //printf("%s(%u):%s\n", filename, (unsigned)document.GetErrorOffset(), document.GetParseError());
+        document.Parse((const char*)json);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(document.HasParseError());
+
+        document.Parse<kParseIterativeFlag>((const char*)json);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(document.HasParseError());
+
         free(json);
     }
 
@@ -84,7 +90,11 @@ TEST(JsonChecker, Reader) {
 
         GenericDocument<UTF8<>, CrtAllocator> document; // Use Crt allocator to check exception-safety (no memory leak)
         document.Parse((const char*)json);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(!document.HasParseError());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(document.HasParseError());
+
+        document.Parse<kParseIterativeFlag>((const char*)json);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(document.HasParseError());
+
         free(json);
     }
 }
diff --git a/test/unittest/readertest.cpp b/test/unittest/readertest.cpp
index e403bb8..09560d8 100644
--- a/test/unittest/readertest.cpp
+++ b/test/unittest/readertest.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 #include "unittest.h"
 
-#define private public  // For testing private members
 #include "rapidjson/reader.h"
 
 using namespace rapidjson;
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
 #endif
 
 template<bool expect>
-struct ParseBoolHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseBoolHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseBoolHandler<expect> > {
     ParseBoolHandler() : step_(0) {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     // gcc 4.8.x generates warning in EXPECT_EQ(bool, bool) on this gtest version.
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseTrue) {
     StringStream s("true");
     ParseBoolHandler<true> h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseTrue<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, h.step_);
 }
 
@@ -53,11 +52,11 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseFalse) {
     StringStream s("false");
     ParseBoolHandler<false> h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseFalse<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(1u, h.step_);
 }
 
-struct ParseIntHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseIntHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseIntHandler> {
     ParseIntHandler() : step_(0), actual_() {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Int(int i) { actual_ = i; step_++; return true; }
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ struct ParseIntHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
     int actual_;
 };
 
-struct ParseUintHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseUintHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseUintHandler> {
     ParseUintHandler() : step_(0), actual_() {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Uint(unsigned i) { actual_ = i; step_++; return true; }
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ struct ParseUintHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
     unsigned actual_;
 };
 
-struct ParseInt64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseInt64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseInt64Handler> {
     ParseInt64Handler() : step_(0), actual_() {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Int64(int64_t i) { actual_ = i; step_++; return true; }
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ struct ParseInt64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
     int64_t actual_;
 };
 
-struct ParseUint64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseUint64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseUint64Handler> {
     ParseUint64Handler() : step_(0), actual_() {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Uint64(uint64_t i) { actual_ = i; step_++; return true; }
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ struct ParseUint64Handler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
     uint64_t actual_;
 };
 
-struct ParseDoubleHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseDoubleHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseDoubleHandler> {
     ParseDoubleHandler() : step_(0), actual_() {}
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Double(double d) { actual_ = d; step_++; return true; }
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseNumberHandler) {
         StringStream s(str); \
         Handler h; \
         Reader reader; \
-        reader.ParseNumber<0>(s, h); \
+        reader.Parse(s, h); \
         EXPECT_EQ(1u, h.step_); \
         EXPECT_EQ(double(x), h.actual_); \
     }
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseNumberHandler) {
         StringStream s(str); \
         ParseDoubleHandler h; \
         Reader reader; \
-        reader.ParseNumber<0>(s, h); \
+        reader.Parse(s, h); \
         EXPECT_EQ(1u, h.step_); \
         EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(x, h.actual_); \
     }
@@ -178,11 +177,11 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseNumber_Error) {
 #define TEST_NUMBER_ERROR(errorCode, str) \
     { \
         char buffer[1001]; \
-        sprintf(buffer, "[%s]", str); \
+        sprintf(buffer, "%s", str); \
         InsituStringStream s(buffer); \
         BaseReaderHandler<> h; \
         Reader reader; \
-        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse<0>(s, h)); \
+        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse(s, h)); \
         EXPECT_EQ(errorCode, reader.GetParseErrorCode());\
     }
 
@@ -209,7 +208,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseNumber_Error) {
 }
 
 template <typename Encoding>
-struct ParseStringHandler : BaseReaderHandler<Encoding> {
+struct ParseStringHandler : BaseReaderHandler<Encoding, ParseStringHandler<Encoding> > {
     ParseStringHandler() : str_(0), length_(0), copy_() {}
     ~ParseStringHandler() { EXPECT_TRUE(str_ != 0); if (copy_) free(const_cast<typename Encoding::Ch*>(str_)); }
     
@@ -242,14 +241,14 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseString) {
         GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> is(buffer); \
         ParseStringHandler<Encoding> h; \
         GenericReader<Encoding, Encoding> reader; \
-        reader.ParseString<kParseInsituFlag | kParseValidateEncodingFlag>(is, h); \
+        reader.Parse<kParseInsituFlag | kParseValidateEncodingFlag>(is, h); \
         EXPECT_EQ(0, StrCmp<Encoding::Ch>(e, h.str_)); \
         EXPECT_EQ(StrLen(e), h.length_); \
         free(buffer); \
         GenericStringStream<Encoding> s(x); \
         ParseStringHandler<Encoding> h2; \
         GenericReader<Encoding, Encoding> reader2; \
-        reader2.ParseString<0>(s, h2); \
+        reader2.Parse(s, h2); \
         EXPECT_EQ(0, StrCmp<Encoding::Ch>(e, h2.str_)); \
         EXPECT_EQ(StrLen(e), h2.length_); \
     }
@@ -314,7 +313,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseString) {
         const char e[] = "Hello\0World";
         ParseStringHandler<UTF8<> > h;
         Reader reader;
-        reader.ParseString<0>(s, h);
+        reader.Parse(s, h);
         EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(e, h.str_, h.length_ + 1));
         EXPECT_EQ(11u, h.length_);
     }
@@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseString_Transcoding) {
     GenericStringStream<UTF8<> > is(x);
     GenericReader<UTF8<>, UTF16<> > reader;
     ParseStringHandler<UTF16<> > h;
-    reader.ParseString<0>(is, h);
+    reader.Parse(is, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, StrCmp<UTF16<>::Ch>(e, h.str_));
     EXPECT_EQ(StrLen(e), h.length_);
 }
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseString_NonDestructive) {
     StringStream s("\"Hello\\nWorld\"");
     ParseStringHandler<UTF8<> > h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseString<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(0, StrCmp("Hello\nWorld", h.str_));
     EXPECT_EQ(11u, h.length_);
 }
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseString_Error) {
 }
 
 template <unsigned count>
-struct ParseArrayHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseArrayHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseArrayHandler<count> > {
     ParseArrayHandler() : step_(0) {}
 
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
@@ -447,7 +446,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseEmptyArray) {
     InsituStringStream s(json);
     ParseArrayHandler<0> h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseArray<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(2u, h.step_);
     free(json);
 }
@@ -457,7 +456,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseArray) {
     InsituStringStream s(json);
     ParseArrayHandler<4> h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseArray<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(6u, h.step_);
     free(json);
 }
@@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseArray_Error) {
         InsituStringStream s(buffer); \
         BaseReaderHandler<> h; \
         GenericReader<UTF8<>, UTF8<>, CrtAllocator> reader; \
-        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse<0>(s, h)); \
+        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse(s, h)); \
         EXPECT_EQ(errorCode, reader.GetParseErrorCode());\
     }
 
@@ -482,9 +481,10 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseArray_Error) {
 #undef TEST_ARRAY_ERROR
 }
 
-struct ParseObjectHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseObjectHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseObjectHandler> {
     ParseObjectHandler() : step_(0) {}
 
+    bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
     bool Null() { EXPECT_EQ(8u, step_); step_++; return true; }
     bool Bool(bool b) { 
         switch(step_) {
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseObject) {
         InsituStringStream s(json2);
         ParseObjectHandler h;
         Reader reader;
-        reader.ParseObject<kParseInsituFlag>(s, h);
+        reader.Parse<kParseInsituFlag>(s, h);
         EXPECT_EQ(20u, h.step_);
         free(json2);
     }
@@ -544,12 +544,12 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseObject) {
         StringStream s(json);
         ParseObjectHandler h;
         Reader reader;
-        reader.ParseObject<0>(s, h);
+        reader.Parse(s, h);
         EXPECT_EQ(20u, h.step_);
     }
 }
 
-struct ParseEmptyObjectHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseEmptyObjectHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseEmptyObjectHandler> {
     ParseEmptyObjectHandler() : step_(0) {}
 
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
@@ -563,11 +563,11 @@ TEST(Reader, Parse_EmptyObject) {
     StringStream s("{ } ");
     ParseEmptyObjectHandler h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseObject<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(2u, h.step_);
 }
 
-struct ParseMultipleRootHandler : BaseReaderHandler<> {
+struct ParseMultipleRootHandler : BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<>, ParseMultipleRootHandler> {
     ParseMultipleRootHandler() : step_(0) {}
 
     bool Default() { ADD_FAILURE(); return false; }
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseInsituIterative_MultipleRoot) {
         InsituStringStream s(buffer); \
         BaseReaderHandler<> h; \
         Reader reader; \
-        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse<0>(s, h)); \
+        EXPECT_FALSE(reader.Parse(s, h)); \
         EXPECT_EQ(errorCode, reader.GetParseErrorCode());\
     }
 
@@ -640,25 +640,20 @@ TEST(Reader, ParseDocument_Error) {
     TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, " ");
     TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, " \n");
 
-    // The document root must be either object or array.
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, "null");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, "true");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, "false");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, "\"s\"");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, "0");
-
     // The document root must not follow by other values.
     TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, "[] 0");
     TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, "{} 0");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, "null []");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, "0 {}");
 }
 
 TEST(Reader, ParseValue_Error) {
     // Invalid value.
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "[nulL]");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "[truE]");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "[falsE]");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "[a]");
-    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "[.1]");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "nulL");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "truE");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "falsE");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, "a]");
+    TEST_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, ".1");
 }
 
 TEST(Reader, ParseObject_Error) {
@@ -737,7 +732,7 @@ TEST(Reader, CustomStringStream) {
     CustomStringStream<UTF8<char> > s(json);
     ParseObjectHandler h;
     Reader reader;
-    reader.ParseObject<0>(s, h);
+    reader.Parse(s, h);
     EXPECT_EQ(20u, h.step_);
 }
 
@@ -781,7 +776,7 @@ TEST(Reader, Parse_IStreamWrapper_StringStream) {
 
     Reader reader;
     ParseArrayHandler<4> h;
-    reader.ParseArray<0>(is, h);
+    reader.Parse(is, h);
     EXPECT_FALSE(reader.HasParseError());   
 }
 
@@ -792,7 +787,7 @@ TEST(Reader, Parse_IStreamWrapper_StringStream) {
     StringStream json(text); \
     BaseReaderHandler<> handler; \
     Reader reader; \
-    reader.IterativeParse<kParseDefaultFlags>(json, handler); \
+    reader.Parse<kParseIterativeFlag>(json, handler); \
     EXPECT_TRUE(reader.HasParseError()); \
     EXPECT_EQ(errorCode, reader.GetParseErrorCode()); \
     EXPECT_EQ(offset, reader.GetErrorOffset()); \
@@ -802,7 +797,6 @@ TEST(Reader, IterativeParsing_ErrorHandling) {
     TESTERRORHANDLING("{\"a\": a}", kParseErrorValueInvalid, 6u);
 
     TESTERRORHANDLING("", kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, 0u);
-    TESTERRORHANDLING("1", kParseErrorDocumentRootNotObjectOrArray, 0u);
     TESTERRORHANDLING("{}{}", kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, 2u);
 
     TESTERRORHANDLING("{1}", kParseErrorObjectMissName, 1u);
@@ -877,7 +871,7 @@ TEST(Reader, IterativeParsing_General) {
         Reader reader;
         IterativeParsingReaderHandler<> handler;
 
-        ParseResult r = reader.IterativeParse<kParseIterativeFlag>(is, handler);
+        ParseResult r = reader.Parse<kParseIterativeFlag>(is, handler);
 
         EXPECT_FALSE(r.IsError());
         EXPECT_FALSE(reader.HasParseError());
@@ -914,7 +908,7 @@ TEST(Reader, IterativeParsing_Count) {
         Reader reader;
         IterativeParsingReaderHandler<> handler;
 
-        ParseResult r = reader.IterativeParse<kParseIterativeFlag>(is, handler);
+        ParseResult r = reader.Parse<kParseIterativeFlag>(is, handler);
 
         EXPECT_FALSE(r.IsError());
         EXPECT_FALSE(reader.HasParseError());
diff --git a/test/unittest/writertest.cpp b/test/unittest/writertest.cpp
index 2d83418..e313c8b 100644
--- a/test/unittest/writertest.cpp
+++ b/test/unittest/writertest.cpp
@@ -50,6 +50,16 @@ TEST(Writer, Compact) {
         EXPECT_TRUE(writer.IsComplete()); \
     }
 
+TEST(Writer, Root) {
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("null");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("true");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("false");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("0");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("\"foo\"");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("[]");
+    TEST_ROUNDTRIP("{}");
+}
+
 TEST(Writer, Int) {
     TEST_ROUNDTRIP("[-1]");
     TEST_ROUNDTRIP("[-123]");
@@ -155,12 +165,12 @@ TEST(Writer, OStreamWrapper) {
     EXPECT_STREQ("{\"hello\":\"world\",\"t\":true,\"f\":false,\"n\":null,\"i\":123,\"pi\":3.1416,\"a\":[1,2,3]}", actual.c_str());
 }
 
-TEST(Writer, AssertRootMustBeArrayOrObject) {
+TEST(Writer, AssertRootMayBeAnyValue) {
 #define T(x)\
     {\
         StringBuffer buffer;\
         Writer<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);\
-        ASSERT_THROW(x, AssertException);\
+        EXPECT_TRUE(x);\
     }
     T(writer.Bool(false));
     T(writer.Bool(true));
@@ -228,9 +238,23 @@ TEST(Writer, AssertObjectKeyNotString) {
 TEST(Writer, AssertMultipleRoot) {
     StringBuffer buffer;
     Writer<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+
     writer.StartObject();
     writer.EndObject();
     ASSERT_THROW(writer.StartObject(), AssertException);
+
+    writer.Reset(buffer);
+    writer.Null();
+    ASSERT_THROW(writer.Int(0), AssertException);
+
+    writer.Reset(buffer);
+    writer.String("foo");
+    ASSERT_THROW(writer.StartArray(), AssertException);
+
+    writer.Reset(buffer);
+    writer.StartArray();
+    writer.EndArray();
+    ASSERT_THROW(writer.Double(3.14), AssertException);
 }
 
 TEST(Writer, RootObjectIsComplete) {
@@ -260,3 +284,24 @@ TEST(Writer, RootArrayIsComplete) {
     writer.EndArray();
     EXPECT_TRUE(writer.IsComplete());
 }
+
+TEST(Writer, RootValueIsComplete) {
+#define T(x)\
+    {\
+        StringBuffer buffer;\
+        Writer<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);\
+        EXPECT_FALSE(writer.IsComplete()); \
+        x; \
+        EXPECT_TRUE(writer.IsComplete()); \
+    }
+    T(writer.Null());
+    T(writer.Bool(true));
+    T(writer.Bool(false));
+    T(writer.Int(0));
+    T(writer.Uint(0));
+    T(writer.Int64(0));
+    T(writer.Uint64(0));
+    T(writer.Double(0));
+    T(writer.String(""));
+#undef T
+}