Redis Command Reference
Every command name links to a specific wiki page describing the behavior of the command.Connection handling
- QUIT
close the connection
Commands operating on string values
- SET key value
set a key to a string value - GET key
return the string value of the key - SETNX key value
set a key to a string value if the key does not exist - INCR key
increment the integer value of key - INCRBY key integer
increment the integer value of key by integer - INCR key
decrement the integer value of key - DECRBY key integer
decrement the integer value of key by integer - EXISTS key
test if a key exists - DEL key
delete a key - TYPE key
return the type of the value stored at key
Commands operating on string values
- SET key value
set a key to a string value - GET key
return the string value of the key - MGET key1 key2 ... keyN
multi-get, return the strings values of the keys - SETNX key value
set a key to a string value if the key does not exist - INCR key
increment the integer value of key - INCRBY key integer
increment the integer value of key by integer - INCR key
decrement the integer value of key - DECRBY key integer
decrement the integer value of key by integer - EXISTS key
test if a key exists - DEL key
delete a key - TYPE key
return the type of the value stored at key
Commands operating on the key space
- KEYS pattern
return all the keys matching a given pattern - RANDOMKEY
return a random key from the key space - RENAME oldname newname
rename the old key in the new one, destroing the newname key if it already exists - RENAMENX oldname newname
rename the old key in the new one, if the newname key does not already exist - DBSIZE
return the number of keys in the current db
Commands operating on lists
- RPUSH key value
Append an element to the tail of the List value at key - LPUSH key value
Append an element to the head of the List value at key - LLEN key
Return the length of the List value at key - LRANGE key start end
Return a range of elements from the List at key - LTRIM key start end
Trim the list at key to the specified range of elements - LINDEX key index
Return the element at index position from the List at key - LSET key index value
Set a new value as the element at index position of the List at key - LREM key count value
Remove the first-N, last-N, or all the elements matching value from the List at key - LPOP key
Return and remove (atomically) the first element of the List at key - RPOP key
Return and remove (atomically) the last element of the List at key
Commands operating on sets
- SADD key member
Add the specified member to the Set value at key - SREM key member
Remove the specified member from the Set value at key - SCARD key
Return the number of elements (the cardinality) of the Set at key - SISMEMBER key member
Test if the specified value is a member of the Set at key - SINTER key1 key2 ... keyN
Return the intersection between the Sets stored at key1, key2, ..., keyN - SINTERSTORE dstkey key1 key2 ... keyN
Compute the intersection between the Sets stored at key1, key2, ..., keyN, and store the resulting Set at dstkey - SMEMBERS key
Return all the members of the Set value at key
-FAQ: Contents
Why I need Redis if there is already memcachedb, Tokyo Cabinet, ...?
Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
What's the Redis memory footprint?
I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
What Redis means actually?
Why did you started the Redis project? +FAQ: Contents
Why I need Redis if there is already memcachedb, Tokyo Cabinet, ...?
Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
What's the Redis memory footprint?
I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
I have an empty Redis server but INFO and logs are reporting megabytes of memory in use!
What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
What Redis means actually?
Why did you started the Redis project?
Why I need Redis if there is already memcachedb, Tokyo Cabinet, ...?
Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
What's the Redis memory footprint?
I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
What Redis means actually?
Why did you started the Redis project? +FAQ: Contents
Why I need Redis if there is already memcachedb, Tokyo Cabinet, ...?
Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
What's the Redis memory footprint?
I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
I have an empty Redis server but INFO and logs are reporting megabytes of memory in use!
What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
What Redis means actually?
Why did you started the Redis project?
FAQ
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ So Redis offers more features:- Keys can store different data t
- We wrote a simple Twitter Clone using just Redis as database. Download the source code from the download section and imagine to write it with a plain key-value DB without support for lists and sets... it's much harder.
- Multiple DBs. Using the SELECT command the client can select different datasets. This is useful because Redis provides a MOVE atomic primitive that moves a key form a DB to another one, if the target DB already contains such a key it returns an error: this basically means a way to perform locking in distributed processing.
- So what is Redis really about? The User interface with the programmer. Redis aims to export to the programmer the right tools to model a wide range of problems. Sets, Lists with O(1) push operation, lrange and ltrim, server-side fast intersection between sets, are primitives that allow to model complex problems with a key value database.
Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
I imagine key-value DBs, in the short term future, to be used like you use memory in a program, with lists, hashes, and so on. With Redis it's like this, but this special kind of memory containing your data structures is shared, atomic, persistent.
When we write code it is obvious, when we take data in memory, to use the most sensible data structure for the work, right? Incredibly when data is put inside a relational DB this is no longer true, and we create an absurd data model even if our need is to put data and get this data back in the same order we put it inside (an ORDER BY is required when the data should be already sorted. Strange, dont' you think?).
Key-value DBs bring this back at home, to create sensible data models and use the right data structures for the problem we are trying to solve.Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
Yes you can. When Redis saves the DB it actually creates a temp file, then rename(2) that temp file name to the destination file name. So even while the server is working it is safe to save the database file just with the cp unix command. Note that you can use master-slave replication in order to have redundancy of data, but if all you need is backups, cp or scp will do the work pretty well.What's the Redis memory footprint?
Worst case scenario: 1 Million keys with the key being the natural numbers from 0 to 999999 and the string "Hello World" as value use 100MB on my Intel macbook (32bit). Note that the same data stored linearly in an unique string takes something like 16MB, this is the norm because with small keys and values there is a lot of overhead. Memcached will perform similarly.
With large keys/values the ratio is much better of course.
64 bit systems will use much more memory than 32 bit systems to store the same keys, especially if the keys and values are small, this is because pointers takes 8 bytes in 64 bit systems. But of course the advantage is that you can have a lot of memory in 64 bit systems, so to run large Redis servers a 64 bit system is more or less required.I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
The whole key-value hype started for a reason: performances. Redis takes the whole dataset in memory and writes asynchronously on disk in order to be very fast, you have the best of both worlds: hyper-speed and persistence of data, but the price to pay is exactly this, that the dataset must fit on your computers RAM.
If the data is larger then memory, and this data is stored on disk, what happens is that the bottleneck of the disk I/O speed will start to ruin the performances. Maybe not in benchmarks, but once you have real load with distributed key accesses the data must come from disk, and the disk is damn slow. Not only, but Redis supports higher level data structures than the plain values. To implement this things on disk is even slower.
Redis will always continue to hold the whole dataset in memory because this days scalability requires to use RAM as storage media, and RAM is getting cheaper and cheaper. Today it is common for an entry level server to have 16 GB of RAM! And in the 64-bit era there are no longer limits to the amount of RAM you can have in theory.Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
One possible solution is to use both MySQL and Redis at the same time, basically take the state on Redis, and all the things that get accessed very frequently: user auth tokens, Redis Lists with chronologically ordered IDs of the last N-comments, N-posts, and so on. Then use MySQL as a simple storage engine for larger data, that is just create a table with an auto-incrementing ID as primary key and a large BLOB field as data field. Access MySQL data only by primary key (the ID). The application will run the high traffic queries against Redis but when there is to take the big data will ask MySQL for specific resources IDs.What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
With modern operating systems malloc() returning NULL is not common, usually the server will start swapping and Redis performances will be disastrous so you'll know it's time to use more Redis servers or get more RAM.
However it is planned to add a configuration directive to tell Redis to stop accepting queries but instead to SAVE the latest data and quit if it is using more than a given amount of memory. Also the new INFO command (work in progress in this days) will report the amount of memory Redis is using so you can write scripts that monitor your Redis servers checking for critical conditions.
Update: redis SVN is able to know how much memory it is using and report it via the INFO command.What Redis means actually?
Redis means two things: +Isn't this key-value thing just hype?
I imagine key-value DBs, in the short term future, to be used like you use memory in a program, with lists, hashes, and so on. With Redis it's like this, but this special kind of memory containing your data structures is shared, atomic, persistent.
When we write code it is obvious, when we take data in memory, to use the most sensible data structure for the work, right? Incredibly when data is put inside a relational DB this is no longer true, and we create an absurd data model even if our need is to put data and get this data back in the same order we put it inside (an ORDER BY is required when the data should be already sorted. Strange, dont' you think?).
Key-value DBs bring this back at home, to create sensible data models and use the right data structures for the problem we are trying to solve.Can I backup a Redis DB while the server is working?
Yes you can. When Redis saves the DB it actually creates a temp file, then rename(2) that temp file name to the destination file name. So even while the server is working it is safe to save the database file just with the cp unix command. Note that you can use master-slave replication in order to have redundancy of data, but if all you need is backups, cp or scp will do the work pretty well.What's the Redis memory footprint?
Worst case scenario: 1 Million keys with the key being the natural numbers from 0 to 999999 and the string "Hello World" as value use 100MB on my Intel macbook (32bit). Note that the same data stored linearly in an unique string takes something like 16MB, this is the norm because with small keys and values there is a lot of overhead. Memcached will perform similarly.
With large keys/values the ratio is much better of course.
64 bit systems will use much more memory than 32 bit systems to store the same keys, especially if the keys and values are small, this is because pointers takes 8 bytes in 64 bit systems. But of course the advantage is that you can have a lot of memory in 64 bit systems, so to run large Redis servers a 64 bit system is more or less required.I like Redis high level operations and features, but I don't like it takes everything in memory and I can't have a dataset larger the memory. Plans to change this?
The whole key-value hype started for a reason: performances. Redis takes the whole dataset in memory and writes asynchronously on disk in order to be very fast, you have the best of both worlds: hyper-speed and persistence of data, but the price to pay is exactly this, that the dataset must fit on your computers RAM.
If the data is larger then memory, and this data is stored on disk, what happens is that the bottleneck of the disk I/O speed will start to ruin the performances. Maybe not in benchmarks, but once you have real load with distributed key accesses the data must come from disk, and the disk is damn slow. Not only, but Redis supports higher level data structures than the plain values. To implement this things on disk is even slower.
Redis will always continue to hold the whole dataset in memory because this days scalability requires to use RAM as storage media, and RAM is getting cheaper and cheaper. Today it is common for an entry level server to have 16 GB of RAM! And in the 64-bit era there are no longer limits to the amount of RAM you can have in theory.Ok but I absolutely need to have a DB larger than memory, still I need the Redis features
One possible solution is to use both MySQL and Redis at the same time, basically take the state on Redis, and all the things that get accessed very frequently: user auth tokens, Redis Lists with chronologically ordered IDs of the last N-comments, N-posts, and so on. Then use MySQL as a simple storage engine for larger data, that is just create a table with an auto-incrementing ID as primary key and a large BLOB field as data field. Access MySQL data only by primary key (the ID). The application will run the high traffic queries against Redis but when there is to take the big data will ask MySQL for specific resources IDs.I have an empty Redis server but INFO and logs are reporting megabytes of memory in use!
This may happen and it's prefectly ok. Redis objects are small C structures allocated and freed a lot of times. This costs a lot of CPU so instead of being freed, released objects are taken into a free list and reused when needed. This memory is taken exactly by this free objects ready to be reused.What happens if Redis runs out of memory?
With modern operating systems malloc() returning NULL is not common, usually the server will start swapping and Redis performances will be disastrous so you'll know it's time to use more Redis servers or get more RAM.
However it is planned to add a configuration directive to tell Redis to stop accepting queries but instead to SAVE the latest data and quit if it is using more than a given amount of memory. Also the new INFO command (work in progress in this days) will report the amount of memory Redis is using so you can write scripts that monitor your Redis servers checking for critical conditions.
Update: redis SVN is able to know how much memory it is using and report it via the INFO command.What Redis means actually?
Redis means two things:- it's a joke on the word Redistribute (instead to use just a Relational DB redistribute your workload among Redis servers)
- it means REmote DIctionary Server
Why did you started the Redis project?
In order to scale LLOOGG. But after I got the basic server working I liked the idea to share the work with other guys, and Redis was turned into an open source project. diff --git a/doc/VersionControl.html b/doc/VersionControl.html deleted file mode 100644 index bb249a327..000000000 --- a/doc/VersionControl.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -- -- - -- -- -
-
- - - --VersionControl
- -- -- --- -VERSION
Return the server version as a float string. Example:-VERSION -0.07 -
It is guaranteed that if you compare versions as floats newer versions will be greater than older versions.Return value
Single line reply - -